ICE - Institution of Civil Engineers - Virtual Library

The response of the ground and nearby structures to tunnelling constitutes a complex soil–structure interaction boundary value problem. Géotechnique papers published over the past 60 years that have dealt with this subject are summarised and discussed here. The papers have been organised according to their subject matter, including historical perspectives, various forms of theoretical and numerical analyses, small-scale modelling, and full-scale field monitoring. The number of papers written has steadily accelerated with time, thus indicating the growing interest in tunnelling and its effects, particularly in the urban environment, and an increase in our understanding of the subject. However, our knowledge is far from complete, and there are still many challenges to be tackled, particularly concerning the effects of tunnelling on existing infrastructure.

• Introduction

• Historical Accounts and Developments

• Theoretical Approaches to Analysing Conditions in and Around Tunnels

• Assessing Conditions in and Around Tunnels Using Numerical Analysis

• Small-Scale Physical Modelling

• Full-Scale Field Monitoring and Case Studies

• Summary

• References

Tunnels-tunnel boring machines H. Barthes, A . Bordas, D. Bouillot, Buzon, Ph. Dumont,J. Fermin, M. J.-C. Landry, /.-P. Larive, L. Leblond, Morlot, L. Szypura, J.-J. Ph. Vandebrouck and B. Vielliard W This Paperbegins by describing the Proc. Instn Civ. Engrs Ciu. Engng, Channel Tunnel, Part 3: French Section, 1994.15-19 requirements for the tunnelling machines...

Tunnel construction M. Dick,BSc, MICE, MIWEMand P. A . Jaques H The core elementof the Thames Water Ring Main was the construction of 80 km of tunnels required for the transfer of raw and treated water. Construction of the tunnels wascarried out in two phases between August 1987 and February 1993 and involved the use of open-face shields and tunnel boring machines (TBMs). This Paper describes the development of soft ground tunnelling techniques during the two phases, including tunnel lining developments, tunnel shield and TBM data, modes of operation, back-up logistics and tunnelling experiences...

Proc. Instn Civ. Engrs Civ. Engng, Channel Tunnel, Part 3 : French Section, 1994.26-29 Tunnels-dewatering H. Barthes, A . Bordas, D. Bouillot, M. Buzon, Ph. Dumont, J. Fermin, /.-C. Landry,J.-P. Larive, L. Leblond, Morlot, L. Szypura, J.-J. Ph. Vandebrouck and B. Vielliard m Three causes of water ingress were taken into account during the driving phases : lining leakagerates, normal and accidental water inflows related the excavation to sites, and the residueof service water used in tunnels...

Proc. Instn Civ. Engrs Civ. Engng, Channel Tunnel, Part 3 : French Section, 1994,76-81 Tunnels-safety H. Barthes, A . Bordas, D. Bouillot, M. Buzon, Ph. Dumont,J. Fermin, J.-C. Landry, J.-P. Lariue, L. Leblond,J.-J. Morlot, L.Szypura, Ph. Vandebrouck and B. Vielliard W Safety measures the Channel Tunnel at work sites were exceptional. This Paper shows how and why safety measureswere provided fromthe outset and discusses the top-downwards organizationof safety and the care given training...

h o c . Insfn Civ. Engrs Civ. Engng, Channel Tunnel, Part 3 : French Section, 1994,44-47 Tunnels-driving H. Barthes, A . Bordas, D. Bouillot, M. Buzon, Ph. Dumont, Fermin, J. J.-C. Landry,J.-P. Lariue, L. Leblond, Morlot, L. Szypura, J.-J. Ph. Vandebrouck and B. Vielliard driving in open mode was not great. The capacThe Paper makes a clear distinction between the two driving methods used in ity to treat and remove spoil in the shaft in the tunnelling processthe open mode and effect limited the rateof advance...

Instn Civ. Engrs Civ. Engng. Proc. Tunnels-ventilation H. Barthes, A . Bordas, D. Bouillot,M. Buzon, Ph. Dumont, J. Fermin, /.-C. Landry, J,-P. Larive, L. Leblond, Morlot, L. Szypura, J.-J. Ph. Vandebrouck and B. Vielliard Ventilation requirements were evaluated in accordance with the regulationsand recommendations of the social security organization (the CNAM),the building and public works safety organization, the underground works association and the underground mine regulations...

h o c . Instn Civ. Engrs Cav. Engng, Channel Tunnel, Part 3: French Section, 1994,58-62 Tunnels-topography H. Barthes, A . Bordas,D.Bouillot, M. Buzon, Ph. Dumont, J. Fermin, J.-C. Landry, Larive,Leblond, J.-P. L. J.-J. Morlot,Szypura, L. Ph. Vandebrouck and B. Vielliard Thanks to the fine work done bythe surveyors and to the accuracy of the instruments, the tunnelling machines, which began 38 km fromeach other, met face to face with a deviation of 358 mm in plan and 58 mm in elevation...

was now fixed on the top. The miners were placedinside, and by excavating from around the bottom, the whole descended by its own gravity. Mr. Beamish then describes thepeculiar difficulties which were experienced, previous to the first irruptionThe chasm in the bed of the river,formed by the irruption of 1827, was stopped by bags filled with clay, with hazel rods passed through them, the interstices thus formed being filled with gravel. The irruption of 1828 was met by similar means; but the funds of the company notbeingthen sufficient for proceedingwiththe work, the shield was blocked up with bricks and cement, and a wall 4 feet in thickness was built within the Tunnel...

Modelling of tunnel behaviour R. N. Taylor, MA, PhD, CEng, MICE j Geotechnical centrifuge modelling can be used to good effect to study the complex problem of the stability of, and ground movements caused by, tunnelled excavations. Innovative techniques in developing modelling tools have enabled studies of tunnelling processes to be evaluated. The analysis of digital images of centrifuge models has given considerable detailed insight into the patterns of ground movement caused by tunnelling, and has proved to be a major addition to the instrumentation of centrifuge models...