The original evaluation of yield for most UK reservoirs was based on the analysis of actual or synthetic drought sequences. It was assumed that the resource is depleted by a uniform demand and that it is just emptied on the day a drought of specified severity (eg. 1 in 50 years) ends. After the 1984 drought Welsh Water decided to base its yield calculations on “Operational Yield”. This takes into account the way that sources would actually be operated in severe droughts. It includes effects of hosepipe bans and drought orders, and makes assumptions about the end date of the drought which water resource managers would actually use.
Background
Basic Principles
Realistic Hydrology
Realistic Demands and Controls
Yield of a Single Source
Interlinked Sources
Control Rules
Improved Management of Resources
Conclusions
References
This chapter is available for purchase.
Operation and maintenance needs
Planning for operation and maintenance
Contracts for operation and maintenance
Training of operations personnel and managers
Overseas operating contracts
This article is available for purchase.
9.1 Treated water main
9.2 Improving valve operation
9.3 Two-stage valve closure
9.4 Submerged discharge valve
9.5 In-line valves
9.6 Control of transient pressures and estimation of valve operating time
Electromechanical drives
Oil hydraulic operation of gates in free surface flow
Hoist speed
Reference
Starting a marketing initiative
Budgeting
Fast food illustration
Consumer goods illustration
Implications for civil engineering activities
Characteristics of marketing in civil engineering
Establishing a marketing budget
Operational management
Links with selling budgets